![]() Assortative mating refers to the phenomenon of people marrying people with similar background, for example doctors marrying other doctors rather than nurses.Single-headed households in OECD countries have risen from an average of 15% in the late 1980s to 20% in the mid-2000s, resulting in higher inequality. Changes in the structure of households can play an important role.A 2011 study titled "Divided we Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising" by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) sought to explain the causes for this rising inequality by investigating economic inequality in OECD countries it concluded that the following factors played a role: In 1820, the ratio between the income of the top and bottom 20 percent of the world's population was three to one. Share of income of the top 1% for selected developed countries, 1975 to 2015 In advanced economies, taxes and transfers decrease income inequality by one-third, with most of this being achieved via public social spending (such as pensions and family benefits). Inequality is at the center stage of economic policy debate across the globe, as government tax and spending policies have significant effects on income distribution. Research suggests that greater inequality hinders economic growth and macroeconomic stability, and that land and human capital inequality reduce growth more than inequality of income. Research has generally linked economic inequality to political and social instability, including revolution, democratic breakdown and civil conflict. In this period, close to 90 percent of advanced economies have seen an increase in income inequality, with over 70% recording an increase in their Gini coefficients exceeding two points. However, inequality within most nations has risen significantly in the last 30 years, particularly among advanced countries. Since then, income levels across countries have been converging, with most people now living in middle-income countries. Income inequality between nations peaked in the 1970s, when world income was distributed bimodally into "rich" and "poor" countries. Whereas globalization has reduced global inequality (between nations), it has increased inequality within nations. Important concepts of equality include equity, equality of outcome, and equality of opportunity. Another type of measure is the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, which is a statistic composite index that takes inequality into account. There are many methods for measuring economic inequality, the Gini coefficient being a widely used one. Important types of economic measurements focus on wealth, income, and consumption. Besides economic inequality between countries or states, there are important types of economic inequality between different groups of people. There are wide varieties of economic inequality, most notably income inequality measured using the distribution of income (the amount of money people are paid) and wealth inequality measured using the distribution of wealth (the amount of wealth people own). ![]() An affluent house in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, only miles from downtown (above)
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |